• VDI 4472

VDI 4472 consists of eleven different parts. Whereas four parts concern the general character of RFID applications within logistical tracking & tracing, one part is related to the air interface and two parts are related to closed loop logistics (within logistical tracking & tracing). The last four parts are related to the application field of product safety and quality (textile goods, fresh/perishable foods and pharmaceuticals). These parts shall be summarised briefly as follows:

• VDI 4472 Part One

“Requirements to be met by transponder systems for use in the supply chain – General”
Part one describes general requirements for the use of transponder systems in supply chain applications. The current version of document VDI 4472 Part 1 was published in 2006.

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• VDI 4472 Part Four

“Requirements to be met by transponder systems for use in the supply chain – Cost assessment of RFID systems”
Part four of the document concerns requirements for cost assessment for the use of transponder systems in supply chain applications. This part is still under development.

• VDI 4472 Part Eight

“Requirements to be met by transponder systems for use in the supply chain – Guide for the management of RFID projects”
Part eight of the document describes requirements for the management of RFID projects in supply chain applications. This part is still under development.

• VDI 4472 Part 11

“Requirements to be met by transponder systems for use in the supply chain – Guide to transponder systems under security aspects”
Part 11 of the document describes the requirements on security aspects for the use of transponder systems in supply chain applications. This part is still under development.

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• EPCglobal - Conveyor Portal Test Methodology v1.1.4

“Applied Tag Dynamic Testing”
The purpose of this document is to define criteria for testing the performance of RFID tagged cases with respect to readability within conveyor portal configurations. The intention is to achieve a consistent performance for the reading of RFID tags as they pass through conveyor portals in actual supply chain implementations. This document may also be used as guideline to assist the development and implementation of conveyor portal RFID systems. This document covers the requirements for testing the performance of selected and applied tags on product cases. This especially concerns goods packaged as are those for sea freight. The cases to be tested are goods packaged within the case or carton exactly as they are to be packaged when shipped through the supply chain. Therefore, the respective tag is such as the one intended to be used for sea freight purposes. Analogously, the location of the tag on the case will be the same as the one for shipped goods as well. The tags to be tested by portal structures are anticipated to be in the UHF band of ~850 – 960 MHz. The test criteria outlined in this document will be performed on passive tags.

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• EPCglobal - Door Portal Test Methodology v1.0.9

“Applied Tag Dynamic Testing”
This draft document defines test methodology for testing the readability of RFID tagged cases or pallets as they travel through door portals, one of several dynamic system elements under the dynamic test scenarios for “Applied Tag Performance” (ATP).The purpose of this document is to define criteria to test the performance of RFID tagged cases or pallets with respect to readability within door portal configurations. The intent is to achieve consistent performance for the reading of RFID tags that will pass through the portals. This document may also be used as a guideline to assist the development and implementation of door portal RFID systems.

• EPCglobal - EPC/RFID Label Solution

“Recommendation for the Design and Use of a Standard RFID/EPC Logistic Label, including Data Backup Function”
The aim of this recommendation is to describe an RFID/EPC logistic label for RFID/EPC applications in order to constitute a migration and orientation guide for the mass use of RFID/EPC technology. This recommendation relates to pallet tagging of sandwich, mixed or homogenous standard pallets.

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In-house logistics

In this subcategory no application standards were identified.

Closed loop logistics

• ISO 17363

“Supply chain applications of radio frequency identification (RFID) - Freight containers”
This standard defines the usage of RFID (read/write) tags specified for cargo shipment to be used on freight containers for supply chain management purposes (“shipment tags”).
ISO 17363 applies to freight containers as defined in ISO 668 and to freight containers that are not defined by other ISO standards. It complements ISO 10374, freight containers - RF automatic identification for container tags.This international standard does not address “smart” container technologies affixed to or inside freight containers for supply chain management purposes, e.g. sensors.

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• ISO 17364

“Supply chain applications of radio frequency identification (RFID) – returnable transport items”

This standard defines the requirements for RFID tags for Returnable Transport Items (RTI). RTIs are defined as all means to assemble goods for transportation, storage, handling and product protection in the supply chain which are returned for further usage, including for example pallets with and without cash deposits as well as all forms of reusable crates, trays, boxes, roll pallets, barrels, trolleys, pallet collars and lids.
An important concept here is the use cases of such things as “unitized loads”, pallets, and returnable transport items. Depending upon how a pallet is used may determine whether it is covered under this standard as a “returnable trans-port item” or within ISO 17365 as a “transport unit”. If ownership title of the “pallet” remains with its owner then the applicable standard is ISO 17364. If the ownership title of pallet is transferred to the customer as part of a “unitized load” then it becomes as an element of a “unitized load” covered ISO 17365.
Specific to RTIs is the placement of tagged packed products and products inside the RTI.
Owners and other users of RTIs can use this standard. It ensures the unambiguous and optimal use of RTIs in the supply chain. In conjunction with the other standards, a seamless application of the RTIs within the total supply chain is enabled.

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• ANSI/MH 10.8.4

“Unit Loads and Transport Packages - RFID Tags for Returnable Containers”
The national standard ANSI/MH 10.8.4 was prepared by the working group ANSI MH 10/SC 8/WG 4.
ANSI MH 10/SC 8 defines the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) standard for returnable containers. This standard is intended to allow compatibility and to encourage interoperability of products for the growing RFID market in the United States.
This standard defines a single Application Programming Interface (API), which will be shared by all compliant RFID implementations and provide a common interface to application programmes.
The applications for returnable containers addressed by this standard, including cable reels, typically require ranges greater than one meter.
The goal of this standard is to serve current and future users and manufacturers by encouraging the development of open, dynamic systems.
This standard supports national and international standards for data semantics, data syntax, transfer syntax, and a radiofrequency air interface.
The current version of document ANSI/MH 10.8.4 was published in 2002.

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• CEN PREN 13818

“Transportable Gas Cylinders - Identification and Marking Using Radio Frequency Identification Technology”
The European standard CEN PREN 13818 - which consists of two parts - was prepared by the working group CEN/TC 23/SC 3/WG 3.

• CEN PREN 13818-1

“Reference Architecture and Terminology”
This European standard is to establish a common framework for data structure for unambiguous identification of gas cylinders and for other common data elements in this sector.
The scheme and reference model architecture proposed is designed to be an enabling structure to allow harmonisation between different commercial systems and not to be prescriptive in determining systems. It is not specific for frequency or air interface protocols, but provides maximum interoperability, a high population capability and the possibility of upwards migration to more capable systems.
The current version of document CEN PREN 13818-1 was published in 2000.

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• CEN PREN 13818-2

“Framework for Data Structure”
This European standard establishes a common framework for data structure to enable the unambiguous identification within GC applications and for other common data elements in this sector.
This standard enables a structure to allow harmonisation between different systems and does not prescribe any of them. It is not specific for frequency or air interface protocols, but provides maximum interoperability, a high population capability, the possibility of upwards migration to more capable systems and fits the reference model architecture. However, subsequent chapters of this standard may include specific structures that are specific enough to frequency and air interface protocols to meet requirements of defined user communities.
The current version of the document CEN PREN 13818-1 was published in 2001.

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• ISO 21007

“Gas cylinders – Identification and marking using radio frequency identification technology” The standard CEN PREN 13818 consists of two parts.

• ISO 21007-1

“Reference architecture and terminology”
This international standard delivers a common framework for data structures concerning unambiguous identification of single or manifold gas cylinders and other common data elements within this sector. It also serves as a terminological document for the area of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The proposed scheme and reference model architecture is designed to be a structure enabling harmonisation between different commercial systems and to be non-prescriptive towards any system. It is not specific to frequency or air interface protocols, provides maximum inter-operability, a high population capability and the possibility of upwards migration to more capable systems.
ISO 21007-1 provides a reference structure where the core elements of the data structure allow an unambiguous identification. This structure may for example be used to identify a certain message as the message from a gas cylinder within an electronic data interchange (EDI) environment. Moreover, it may provide an application reference for identifying different data structure within the message.
The current version of the document ISO 21007-1 was published in 2006.

• ISO 21007-2

“Numbering schemes for radio frequency identification"
This international standard establishes a common framework for data structure to enable the unambiguous identification in gas cylinder applications and for other common data elements in this sector. ISO 21007-2 enables a structure to allow some harmonisation between different systems. However, it does not prescribe any system and has been written in a non-mandatory style for not to make it obsolete to changes in technology. The main body of ISO 21007-2 excludes any data elements that form transmission or storage protocols such as headers and checksums.
The current version of document ISO 21007-2 was published in 2006.

• IATA RP1640

“Use of Radio Frequency Technology for the automatic identification of unit load devices”
RP1640 recommends locations where the use of RF technology for the automatic identification of unit load devices (Olds) would be desired.
This recommended practice provides automatic identification of ULDs by using a RF tag and the electronic transfer of information contained in such a tag to data processing systems.The standard embodied in this recommended practice is not restricted. It is intended that one of the manufacturer's tags may be read by other manufacturer's sensing or reading equipment

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• VDI 4472 Part five

“Requirements to be met by transponder systems for use in the supply chain – Use of transponder systems in returnable transport items logistics”
Part five of the document describes the requirements for the use of transponder systems for returnable transport item logistics. The current version of the document VDI 4472 Part five was published in 2007.

• VDI 4472 Part seven

“Requirements to be met by transponder systems for use in the supply chain – Use of transponder systems in disposal logistics”  - Part seven of the document describes the requirements for the use of transponder systems for disposal logistics. The document VDI 4472 Part seven is still under development.

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• ISO 17365

“Supply chain applications of radio frequency identification (RFID) - Transport units”
ISO 17365 was prepared by the Joint Working Group (JWG) of ISO Technical Committee 122 and ISO Technical Committee 104. This standard defines the requirements for RFID tags transport units. Here, transport units are defined as either a transport package or a unit load.
In this connection the use cases of such things as “unitised loads”, pallets and returnable transport items play an important role within this concept. The way a pallet is used may determine whether it is covered under this standard as a “returnable transport item” or as a “transport unit” which is concerned in ISO 17365.This difference can be explained as follows: If the title of ownership of the transport item remains with its owner then the applicable standard is ISO 17364. If the title of ownership of the transport item is transferred to the customer as part of a “unitised load” then it becomes “unitised load” and thus is covered under ISO 17365.
The grouping of (packaged) products in order to make these more suitable for efficient and effective transport and distribution is very specific for transport units. A transport unit provides an added value for the product being sold, mostly in terms of logistics performance. RFID tagged transport units should furthermore optimise the supply chain.
This standard is intended for the use by owners and users of transport units, manufacturers and logistic service providers. It ensures the unambiguous and optimal use of transport units in the supply chain. In conjunction with other standards, a seamless application of transport units within the total supply chain is enabled.
The current version of document ISO 17365 was published in 2005.

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• ISO 10374.2

“Freight containers – Automatic identification”ISO 10374.2 specifies a system for automatic identification of freight containers and for the electronic transfer of their identity and permanent related information to third parties in a standard format. It is intended that the Automatic Equipment Identification (AEI) system will facilitate documentation, resource control, and communication (including electronic data processing systems). Visual markings for container identification specified by ISO 6346 are not affected by it. Future additions to this international standard will specify modulation, encoding and an open protocol.
The current version of document ISO 10374.2 was published in 1991.

• ISO 18185-3

“Freight containers - Electronic seals - Part 3: Environmental characteristics”
ISO 18185-3 specifies the minimum of environmental characteristics for electronic seals. It also describes environmental requirements for the ISO 18185 series, for ISO 10374 (Freight containers - RF automatic identification) and for ISO 17363 (Supply chain applications of RFID - Freight containers), since it is expected that the implementation of these international standards will face the same environmental conditions. Each of these international standards has its own unique requirements independent of environmental conditions. The current version was published in 2006.

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• ISO 6346

“Freight containers - Coding, identification and marking”
ISO 6346 provides a system for general application regarding identification and presentation of information concerning freight containers. The standard specifies an identification system with mandatory marks for visual interpretation, optional features for automatic identification, electronic data interchange and a coding system for data on container size and type.
The current version of the document ISO 6346 was published in 1995.

• CEN PREN 14803

“Identification and/or determination of the quantity of waste”
This standard specifies general requirements and verifications for methods of identification of waste containers and/or determination of the quantity of waste.
The current version of document CEN PREN 14803 was published in 2003.

• DIN 30745

“Radio frequency identification of waste containers by transponder technology using frequencies below 135 kHz”
This standard describes the radio-frequency identification of waste containers by transponder technology using frequencies below 135 kHz.
The current draft version of document DIN 30745 was published in 2006.
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Open logistics

• IATA Baggage Services Manual (BSM)

IATA’s BSM serves as a key industry reference concerning baggage handling at airports. It benefits airlines, airports and ground handling service providers with its comprehensive treatment of the acceptance handling and security to baggage.
The manual includes useful information related to RFID, prorate baggage claim profiles, baggage tag design guidelines, luggage construction standards and baggage message descriptions.
The IATA manuals normally will be revised and published annually.

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• IATA RP1740c

“RFID Specifications For Interline Baggage”
RP1740c establishes a more efficiently handling (e.g. sortation, reconciliation, etc.) of baggage, utilising the license plate concept defined in Resolution 740. The compatibility of the RFID technology with airline data systems and the ability of RFID to be used in the interline baggage handling environment shall also be ensured.
The current version of document RP1740c Version 2.3 was published in 2005.

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Postal applications

In this subcategory no application standards were identified

Dangerous goods logistics

• NATO STANAG 2233

“NATO consignment and asset tracking by Radiofrequency Identification”
STANAG 2233 references existing ISO standards for both active and passive RFID utilising the infrastructures of nations involved. Changes to the edition already in progress reflect the rapidly evolving RFID market, and the applicable ISO standards.  
This STANAG only applies to NATO operations while nations (including NATO agencies) are also encouraged to utilise the provisions of this STANAG internally. This STANAG excludes radio frequency data communications and the application of RF tracking using satellite tracking capabilities and Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS). This STANAG supplements the requirements of STANAGs 2494 and 4281.
The current version of the document NATO STANAG 2233 was published in 2005.

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• MIL-STD-129

“Military Marking for Shipment and Storage”
The objective of MIL-STD-129 is to provide background, reference information, and practical knowledge concerning the selection and application of “RFID enabled” media – i.e. conventional labels, tickets and tags with embedded or attached RFID transponders – to the labelling of military goods and assets.
This standard does not address “smart packaging”, where the transponder is embedded in the container itself.
The current version of document MIL-STD-129 was published in 2004.

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Manufacturing logistics

In this subcategory no application standards were identified.