RFID Frequency bands and air interface standards
This category deals with the standards regarding different frequency bands , being grouped by harmonised standards, air interface protocol standards, air interface standards and air interface test standards.
Frequency band 9–135 KHz
Harmonised standards
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ETSI EN 300 330 – radio regulations and spectrum matters
The ETSI standard EN 300 330 describes the technical details and test methods of a device.
Air interface protocol standards
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ISO/IEC 18000-2
The ISO/IEC 18000-2 defines the air interface for radio-frequency identification (RFID) devices used in item management applications. It describes also some technical attributes and the communications protocol used in the air interface
- ISO 11785
ISO standard 11785 describes the technical concept for the identification of animals. It is specified how a transponder is activated and how the stored information is transferred to a transceiver
- ISO 14223-1
ISO 14223-1 specifies the air interface between the transceiver and an advanced transponder used in the radiofrequency identification of animals under the condition of full upward compatibility according to ISO 11785.
air interface test standards
- ISO/IEC TR 18047-2
The ISO/IEC Technical Report TR 18047-2 defines automatic identification and data capture techniques for air interface communications below 135 KHz.
Frequency band 13.56 MHz
Harmonised standards
- ETSI EN 300 330 (see above)
Air interface standards
- ISO/IEC 18000-3
The HF standard ISO 18000-3 provides physical layer, collision management system and protocol values for RFID systems in accordance with the requirements of ISO 18000-1. Furthermore, two modes of operation are described, intended to address different applications.
- ISO/IEC 15693
ISO/IEC 15693 specifies the nature and characteristics of the fields to be provided for power and bi-directional communications between vicinity coupling devices (VCDs) and vicinity cards (VICCs). Furthermore, it describes protocols and commands as well as methods for anti-collision.
- EPCglobal HF Generation 2 - (under development)
The EPCglobal HF Generation 2 air interface protocol defines the physical and logical requirements for a passive load-modulated,interrogator-talks-first (ITF), radio-frequency identification (RFID) system operating at 13.56 MHz frequency range. The system comprises interrogators, also known as readers, and tags, also known as labels. This standard will also be implemented in ISO 18000-3 as Mode 3. The standard employs the ISO/IEC 18000-6C logical layer to enable reusing the code for the logical layer. With certain novel antenna designs it is conceivable that ISO/IEC 18000-6C and 18000-3m3 might be able to simultaneously be developed in the same chip.
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Air interface test standards
- ISO/IEC TR 18047-3 - test methods and data capture techniques
The ISO/IEC Technical Report TR 18047-3 defines automatic identification and data capture techniques for air interface communications at 13.56 MHz
Frequency band 433 MHz
Harmonised standards
- ETSI EN 300 220
The ETSI standard describes the electromagnetic compatibility and radio spectrum Matters (ERM) for Short Range Devices (SRD) used in the 25MHz to 1.000MHz frequency range with power levels ranging up to 500mW.
Air interface standards
- ISO/IEC 18000-7
ISO/IEC 18000-7 defines the air interface for radio-frequency identification (RFID) devices operating as an active RF Tag in the 433MHz band used in item management applications. The Standard also defines technical attributes and the communications protocol used in the air interface.
Air interface test standards
- ISO/IEC TR 18047-7
ISO/IEC 18047-7 explains test methods for active RFID air interface communications at 433MHz.
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Frequency band 840–960 MHz
Harmonised standards
- ETSI EN 300 220 (see above)
- ETSI EN 302 208
The ETSI Standard EN 302 208 concerns the electromagnetic compatibility and radio spectrum matters (ERM) of Radio Frequency Identification equipment operating in the band 865MHz to 868MHz with power levels up to 2W e.r.p..There are several technical requirements and methods of measurement.
- ETSI TS 102 562
The Technical Specification TS 102 562 was published in March 2007. This document will provide some regulations for the implementation of the dense reader mode in conformance with the current European UHF standard. It describes a new four channel plan and methods for the synchronisation of the listen-before-talk-process.
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- ISO/IEC 18000-6
A new version of the ISO 18000-6 standard is currently under development. It describes parameters for the air interface communications at 860-960MHz.
- EPC Gen2 V1.1.0
The EPC Class1 Gen2 standard is commonly known as the "Gen 2" standard. This standard defines the physical and logical requirements for a passive-backscatter, interrogator-talks-first (ITF), radio-frequency identification (RFID) system operating in the 860 - 960MHz frequency range. The standard is corresponding to the ISO 18000-6c standard.
- ANSI/INCITS 256
ANSI/INCITS 256 defines a standard for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) for use in item management. This standard is intended to allow for compatibility and to encourage interoperability of products for the growing RFID market in the United States. It establishes a technical standard for a family of compatible RFID devices, specifically, RFID devices operating in freely available international frequency bands at license free power levels. Its purposes are as follows:
-promote interoperability and compatibility between RFID devices by
defining a common API and limited physical and data link layer
options.
-support item management applications and provide flexibility in the
physical layer definitions to allow additional features for uses that
value such enhancements.
The standard cares about frequencies, interface definitions, RDID system definition, minimum features, compliance requirements, document structure and references, tag identification number, manufacturer's tag identification number (MfrTagID) and user's tag identification number (UserTagID). The current version of the document ANSI/INCITS 256 was published in 2001.
Air interface test standards
- ISO/IEC TR 18047-6
The technical report 18047-6 describes test methods for air interface communications at 860-960MHz.
- EPCglobal UHF Class 1 Gen 2 V. 1.0.9
The EPCglobal document “UHF Class 1 Gen 2 V1.0.9 standard conformance requirements” specifies and defines
-compliance requirements for physical interactions (the signalling layer of the communications) between interrogators and tags and
-compliance requirements for interrogator and tag operating procedures and commands.
- EPCglobal Interoperability Test
The test standard interoperability test methodology v1.2.4 for UHF Gen 2 RFID devices specifies the design of an interoperability test system. It serves for testing the end-to-end functionality between two communicating RFID hardware devices. This is required by “EPCTM Radio-Frequency Identity Protocols Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID protocol for communications at 860–960 MHz, Version 1.1.0”.
- EPCglobal tag performance parameters and test methods v1.1.0
The document tag performance parameters and test methods v1.1.0 contains performance metrics and means for testing these metrics for a Class-1 radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag compliant with the EPCglobal™ Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID protocol for communications at 860–960MHz (the Protocol). This document is intended to serve the industry by providing a systematic means for evaluating tags and ultimately optimising performance in the field.
Implementation Guidelines
- ETSI TR 102 436
The ETSI Technical Report TR 102 436 can be seen as an implementation guideline. It includes guidelines for the installation and commissioning of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) equipment at UHF frequencies.
Frequency band 2.45 GHz
Harmonised standards
- ETSI EN 300 440
ETSI EN 300440 describes the electromagnetic compatibility and radio spectrum matters (ERM) for short range devices operating in a frequency range from 1GHz to 40GHz.
Air interface protocol standards
- ETSI EN 300 683
The ETSI EN 300683 standard cares about the topic of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of short range devices (SRD) operating on frequencies between 9 kHz and 25GHz. This standard together with ETSI EN 300761 is intended to become a harmonised standard.
- ETSI EN 300 761
EN 300761 describes the automatic vehicle identification for
railways operating in the 2.45 GHz frequency range.
Air interface standards
- ISO/IEC 18000-4
ISO/IEC 18000-4 was published in 2004. A new version of this standard is currently under development. It describes the automatic identification and data capture techniques for Radio Frequency Identification systems for air interface communications at 2.45GHz.
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Air interface test standards
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ISO/IEC TR 18047-4
Test methods for air interface communications at 2.45GHz are described in this technical report,
Frequency band 5.8 GHz
The ISM range from 5,725–5,875 GHz is partially overlapping with frequency bands of radio amateur applications and radar systems. Typical ISM applications are motion detectors e.g. for door openers in warehouses and backscatter systems. The most important RFID standards for this frequency range are:
Harmonised standards
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ETSI EN 300440
The electromagnetic compatibility and radio spectrum matters (ERM) for short range devices operating in a frequency range from 1GHz to 40GHz is described in ETSI EN 300 440.
Air interface protocol standards
- ETSI ETS 300 683
The ETSI EN 300 683 standard cares about the topic of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) operating on frequencies between 9 KHz and 25GHz.
- ETSI EN 300 674
The Standard EN 300 674 describes road transport and traffic telematics operating in the 5.8GHz ISM band. Part one of this standard describes general characteristics and test methods for road side units and onboard units while part 2 specifies the requirements for the onboard units.
